London City Wall

Sources of information, references and further reading

• National Heritage List for England Scheduled Monument number 1002062, Legacy Scheduled Monument Number lo12
• National Heritage List for England Listed Building number(s) 1357518, 1064632
• English Heritage (PastScape) Defra or Monument number(s) 405081 numerous others.
• County Historic Environment Record (formerly Sites and Monuments Record) number(s) 081078/00/00 and others.

• Websites (Gatehouse is not responsible for the content of external websites.)
  • English Heritage official site (For the English Heritage Portico research page follow the History and Research link)
    Wikipedia entry
    http://www.fmschmitt.com/travels/England/london/londonwall/index.html
    http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2174857050606629799
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2266832
    Old London Maps
• Books
  • Salter, Mike, 2013, Medieval Walled Towns (Malvern: Folly Publications) p. 92-7
    Osbourne, Mike, 2012, Defending London (Stroud: The History Press) p. 31-33
    Westmann, Andrew, 2010, 'The defences of medieval and early modern London' in Lübecker Kolloquium zur Stadtarchäologie im Hanseraum VII: Die Befestigungen (Lübeck: Verlag Schmidt-Römhild) p. 87-99
    Harris, E., 2009, Walking London Wall (Stroud: History Press)
    Lynch, Jo, 2007, Within these walls: Roman and Medieval Defences North of Newgate at the Merrill Lynch Financial Centre, City of London (London; Museum of London Archaeology Service Monograph 33)
    Whipp, David, 2006, The Medieval Postern Gate by the Tower of London (London; Museum of London Archaeology Service Monograph 29)
    Creighton, O.H. and Higham, R.A., 2005, Medieval Town Walls (Stroud: Tempus) passim
    Elliot, Julia (ed), 2005, Heritage Unlocked; Guide to free sites in London and the South East (London: English Heritage) p. 12-4
    Salter, Mike, 2002, The Castles of The Thames Valley and The Chilterns (Malvern: Folly Publications) p. 51
    Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge: Boydell Press) p. 149-50
    Schofield, J., 1995, Medieval London Houses (Yale University Press) p. 8-12 (Plans of Gates)
    Barron, C., 1989, 'The late Middle Ages: 1270-1520' in Lobel, M.D. (ed), The City of London from Prehistoric Times to c.1520; The British Atlas of Historic Towns Vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press/Historic Towns Trust) p. 34-56
    Bond, C.J., 1987, 'Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Defences' in Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds) Urban Archaeology in Britain (CBA Research Report 61) p. 92-116 online copy
    King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol. 1 p. 272
    Barley, M.W., 1975, 'Town Defences in England and Wales after 1066' in Barley (ed) The plans and topography of medieval towns in England and Wales (CBA Research Report 14) p. 57-71 plan p. 65 download/view online
    Renn, D.F., 1973 (2 edn.), Norman Castles of Britain (London: John Baker) p. 230-1
    Turner, H.L., 1971, Town Defences in England and Wales (London) p. 156-8
    Bell, Cottrill and Spon, 1937, London Wall through 18 Centuries (London)
    RCHME, 1929, Inventory of Historic Monuments in London Vol. 4: London (The City) (HMSO) p. 1, 4, 31, 88, 93, 104
    RCHME, 192?, Inventory of Historic Monuments in London Vol. 3 (HMSO) p. 35, 69-106
    Lethaby, 1923, Londinium (London)
    Harvey, Alfred, 1911, Castles and Walled Towns of England (London: Methuen and Co) p. 202-4
    Page, Wm (ed), 1909, VCH London Vol. 1 p. 43-73
• Periodical Articles
  • Museum of London Archaeological Services, 2008, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 52 online copy online copy online copy
    Mann, E., 2006, 'In defence of the City: the gates of London and Temple Bar in the seventeenth century' Architectural History Vol. 49 p. 75-99
    Bishop, B., 2000, 'A keyhole through the gateway: a watching brief at Aldgate' London Archaeologist Vol. 9.7 p. 179-84 online copy
    Youngs, S.M. et al, 1988 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1987' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 32 p. 248 download copy
    Youngs, S.M., Clark, J. and Barry, T., 1987, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1986' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 31 p. 128-9 download copy
    Youngs, S.M., Clark, J. and Barry, T., 1986, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1985' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 30 p. 137, 139 download copy
    Youngs, S.M., Clark, J. and Barry, T., 1985, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1984' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 29 p. 173, 175 download copy
    Youngs, S.M., Clark, J. and Barry, T.B., 1984, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1983' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 28 p. 227, 229 download copy
    Youngs, S.M., Clark, J. and Barry, T.B., 1983, 'Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1982' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 27 p. 194 download copy
    Parnell, G., 1982, 'The excavation of the Roman city wall at the Tower of London and Tower Hill, 1954–76' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 33 p. 85–13 download copy
    Dyson, T. and Schofield, J., 1981, 'Excavations in the City of London: second interim report, 1974–1978' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 32 p. 24–81 download copy
    Youngs, S.M. and Clark, J., 1981, 'Medieval Britain in 1980' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 25 p. 211 download copy
    Maloney, J., 1980, 'The discovery of bastion 4A in the City of London and its implications' Transactions of the London and Middlessex Archaeological Society Vol. 31 p. 68-76 download copy
    Maloney, J. and Harding, C., 1979, 'Dukes Place and Houndsditch: the medieval defences' London Archaeologist Vol. 3.13 p. 347-54 online copy
    Webster, L.E. and Cherry, J., 1979, 'Medieval Britain in 1978' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 23 p. 267 download copy
    Schofield, J., 1978, 'Bastion 10A: a newly identified bastion in the City of London' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 29 p. 91-8 download copy
    Hobley, B. and Schofield, J., 1977, 'Excavations in the City of London: first interim report, 1974-1975' Antiquaries Journal Vol. 57 p. 31-66
    Guildhall Museum, 1970, 'Archaeological finds in the City of London 1966-9' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 22 p. 1-9 download copy
    1948, 'Notes and queries' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 9 p. 193-5 download copy
    Norman, P., 1927, 'The Roman bastion near Castle Street, now Goring Street, EC, excavated and destroyed in 1884' Antiquarian Journal Vol. 7 p. 518-20
    Lethaby, 1922, The Builder Vol. 122 p. 340-3, 376-7 (reprinted as Londinium)
    Norman, P., 1913, 'The Bastion of the Roman Wall at Newgate Street' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 2 p. 271-6 download copy
    Terry, J., 1905, 'On a fragment of the Roman Wall discovered in the Old Bailey' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 1 p. 351-9 online copy
    Fox, G.E., 1890, 'Notes on a recent discovery of part of the Roman Wall of London' Archaeologia Vol. 52 609-16
    1888, The Builder Vol. 54 p. 314-15
    1885, The Antiquary Vol. 12 p. 96-101
    1885, The Builder Vol. 48 p. 742
    Brock, E.P.L., 1882, 'Roman remains in the Tower of London' Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol. 38 p. 127-35, 424-6 online copy
    Price, J.E., 1881, 'On recent discoveries in Newgate Street' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 5 p. 403-24 online copy
    Langley, 1881, The Antiquary Vol. 3 p. 62-5
    Brock, E.P.L., 1880, 'Roman Wall of London, America Square, Minories' Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol. 36 p. 463-4 online copy
    Brock, E.P.L., 1876, Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol. 32 p. 490-3
    Brock, E.P.L., 1875, 'Traces of London Wall at Newgate' Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol. 31 p. 76-80 online copy
    Wallen, F., 1870, 'The city wall of London' Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Vol. 3 p. 52-3 online copy
    Tite, Wm, 1866, 'On discoveries of remains of the Roman wall of London' Archaeologia Vol. 40 p. 295-306 online copy
    1855, The Builder Vol. 13 p. 221-3, 269-71
• Guidebooks
  • Chapman, H., Hall, J. and Marsh, G., 1985, The London Wall Walk (London: Museum of London)
• Primary (Medieval documents or transcriptions of such documents - This section is far from complete and the secondary sources should be consulted for full references.)
  • William FitzStephen, c. 1180, 'A description of London' translated in Henry Thomas Riley (ed), 1860, Liber Custumarum (Rolls Series 12) Vol. 2 p. 2-15 online copy
    Stevenson, J. (ed), 1875, Radulphi do Coggeshall Chronicon anglicanum (London: Rolls series 66) p. 171 online copy
    Stubbs, Wm., 1873, Memoriale fratris Walteri de Coventria: the historical collections of Walter Coventry (London: Rolls series 58) Vol. 2 p. 222
    1906, Calendar of Patent Rolls Henry III (1232-47) Vol. 3 p. 22 online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1908, Calendar of Patent Rolls Henry III (1247-58) Vol. 4 p. 591 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1901, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward I (1272-81) Vol. 1 p. 303 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1893, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward I (1281-91) Vol. 2 p. 6 p. 57 p. 111 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1898, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward I (1301-1307) Vol. 4 p. 61 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1894, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward II (1307-13) Vol. 1 p. 61 p. 273 p. 495-6 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1898, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward II (1313-17) Vol. 2 p. 270 p. 295 p. 654, 655 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1903, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward II (1317-21) Vol. 3 p. 109 p. 517 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1904, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward II (1321-24) Vol. 4 p. 27 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1904, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward II (1324-27) Vol. 5 p. 322 p. 377 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1898, Calendar of Patent Rolls Edward III (1338-40) Vol. 4 p. 55 (murage grants) online copy
    Maxwell Lyte, H.C. (ed), 1900, Calendar of Patent Rolls Richard II (1385-89) Vol. 3 p. 210 (murage grants) online copy
    Sharpe, R.R. (ed), 1907, Calendar of letter-books of the city of London: H: 1375-1399 Follio lxiii b. (concerning temporary defences of bretaschind) online copy
    The 11 volumes of Calendar of letter-books of the city of London contains much primary source material in translation. available from British History Online
• Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)
  • Stype, John, 1720, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster Vol. 1 Bk1 p. 7-13 online copy
    Speed, John, 1611-12, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain online copy
    Camden, Wm, 1607, Britannia hypertext critical edition by Dana F. Sutton (2004)
    Kingsford, C.L. (ed), 1908, A Survey of London, by John Stow: Reprinted from the text of 1603 Vol. 1 p. 5-10 online copy, 19-20 online copy, 27-44 online copy
    Anthony van den Wyngaerde, c. 1543, Panorama of London online copy
• Other sources: Theses; 'grey' literature; in-house reports; unpublished works; etc.
  • English Heritage, 2012, Heritage at Risk Register 2012 London (London: English Heritage) p. 34 online copy
    English Heritage, 2011, Heritage at Risk Register 2011 London (London: English Heritage) p. 35 online copy
    English Heritage, 2010, Heritage at Risk Register 2010 London (London: English Heritage) p. 34 online copy